Analysis of the Waterproofing Principle and Performance Advantages of Water-Based Polyurethane Fabric Coating Agents

2025-12-27

Water-based polyurethane fabric coating agents can impart a soft and full hand feel and leather-like texture to fabrics, and significantly improve the wrinkle resistance, shrinkage resistance, elasticity, and flexibility of the coated fabrics. Among them, water-based polyurethane coating agents with waterproofing properties are particularly popular with fabric manufacturers and consumers. So, how does it achieve its waterproofing effect in fabrics? The key lies in its ability to adhere tightly to the fabric surface and form a continuous and dense film. The denser this film, the more difficult it is for water molecules to penetrate; at the same time, the stronger its adhesion to the fabric, the more resistant it is to washing and less likely to peel off.

This strong adhesion mainly stems from the polar groups in the water-based polyurethane structure, such as urethane bonds, urea bonds, and ionic bonds. These groups interact with the fabric surface through Coulomb forces, van der Waals forces, and hydrogen bonds. The ideal bonding state is when the adhesion between the coating agent and the fabric is greater than the cohesive force of the fabric itself, but less than the cohesive force between the coating agent molecules. The density of the film is directly related to the cohesive energy of the water-based polyurethane molecules: the greater the cohesive energy, the smaller the distance between molecules, and the more compact the resulting film structure. In addition, to achieve better waterproofing effects, the surface tension of the water-based polyurethane film is reduced as much as possible, which increases the contact angle of water droplets on the film, making them less likely to spread out, thus effectively reducing the penetration of water into the coating.

Sinograce Chemical produces water-based polyurethane resins for textile applications, including polyurethane waterproof coatings and polyurethane textile resins.  Inquiries are welcome.

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